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| Research article summary (published 16 May 2009): |
Vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, and cognitive function among women with or at risk of cardiovascular disease: The Women's Antioxidant and Cardiovascular Study.
Full Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular factors are associated with cognitive decline. Antioxidants may be beneficial. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study was a trial of vitamin E (402 mg every other day), beta carotene (50 mg every other day), and vitamin C (500 mg daily) for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. From 1995 to 1996, women > or =40 years of age with cardiovascular disease or > or =3 coronary risk factors were randomized. From 1998 to 1999, a cognitive function substudy was initiated among 2824 participants > or =65 years of age. With 5 cognitive tests, cognition was assessed by telephone 4 times over 5.4 years. The primary outcome was a global composite score averaging all scores; repeated-measures analyses were used to examine cognitive change over time. Vitamin E supplementation and beta carotene supplementation were not associated with slower rates of cognitive change (mean difference in change for vitamin E versus placebo, -0.01; 95% confidence interval, -0.05 to 0.04; P=0.78; for beta carotene, 0.03; 95% confidence interval, -0.02 to 0.07; P=0.28). Although vitamin C supplementation was associated with better performance at the last assessment (mean difference, 0.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.06 to 0.20; P=0.0005), it was not associated with cognitive change over time (mean difference in change, 0.02; 95% confidence interval, -0.03 to 0.07; P=0.39). Vitamin C was more protective against cognitive change among those with new cardiovascular events during the trial (P for interaction=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Antioxidant supplementation did not slow cognitive change among women with preexisting cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular disease risk factors. A possible late effect of vitamin C or beta carotene among those with low dietary intake on cognition warrants further study.
Author information
Author/s: Kang, Jae Hee (JH); Cook, Nancy R (NR); Manson, JoAnn E (JE); Buring, Julie E (JE); Albert, Christine M (CM); Grodstein, Francine (F);
Affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass., USA. nhjhk(-atsign-)channing.harvard.edu
Grants: AG15933 (Agency:NIA NIH HHS) ; HL046959 (Agency:NHLBI NIH HHS)
Journal and publication information
Publication Type: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Journal: Circulation (Circulation), published in United States. (Language: eng)
Reference: 2009-Jun; vol 119 (issue 21) : pp 2772-80
Dates: Created 2009/06/02; Completed 2009/06/25; Revised 2009/09/28;
PMID: 19451353, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 9/29/2009, IMS Date: )
Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.
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